UNDERGROUND CABLE TECHNOLOGIES
A. Smart Grid with Distributed Renewable Energy Resources: –
The city of Barcelona, Spain, has implemented a smart grid system that integrates distributed renewable energy sources, such as solar panels on buildings and wind turbines, to generate and supply electricity locally.
This reduces reliance on centralized power plants and allows for more efficient energy distribution and management.
B. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) for Monitoring and Control: –
The city of Singapore has implemented a SCADA system for its underground cable network, which allows real-time monitoring and control of the power distribution system.
This system can detect and isolate faults quickly, minimizing disruptions and enabling efficient maintenance and repair operations.
C. Integration of GIS Substations, Distribution Automation, and Compact Substations:-
The city of Amsterdam, Netherlands, has integrated Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with its substations and distribution automation systems.
This allows for accurate mapping and visualization of the power distribution network, enabling better planning, maintenance, and response to outages.
Traffic and Transportation:
A. Sustainable Public Transport: –
The city of Curitiba, Brazil, has implemented a highly efficient and sustainable bus rapid transit (BRT) system, which has significantly reduced traffic congestion and air pollution.
The system features dedicated bus lanes, elevated terminals, and integrated land-use planning, making it a model for sustainable public transportation.
B. Non-Motorized Transportation: –
The city of Copenhagen, Denmark, has prioritized cycling and pedestrian infrastructure, with an extensive network of dedicated bike lanes, pedestrian-friendly streets, and bike-sharing programs.
This has led to a significant portion of the city’s population commuting by bicycle, improving air quality and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
C. Smart and Green Transport Modes: –
The city of Oslo, Norway, has implemented a comprehensive plan to transition to electric vehicles, with incentives for purchasing EVs, expanding charging infrastructure, and plans to make the city center car-free by 2024.
This initiative aims to reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from transportation.
D. High-Speed Rail Corridors, Bus Rapid Transit Systems, Integrated Multi-Modal Infrastructure: –
The city of Medellín, Colombia, has developed an integrated transportation system called “EnCicla,” which combines a metro system, cable cars, and dedicated bike lanes, providing efficient and accessible transportation for all residents.
WATER SUPPLY & FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
A. Pumping Systems, Rising Mains, Storage Capacity, Distribution Networks: –
The city of Singapore has a robust water supply system, including advanced pumping stations, reservoirs, and an extensive distribution network that ensures reliable water supply for domestic, commercial, and industrial use, as well as firefighting purposes.
B. SCADA for Command and Control: –
The city of Tucson, Arizona, USA, has implemented a SCADA system for its water supply and distribution network, allowing real-time monitoring and control of water flow, pressure, and quality.
This system can detect leaks, optimize water distribution, and ensure adequate water pressure for firefighting operations.
IV. Wastewater Management:
A. Collection, Treatment (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary), Disposal: –
The city of Singapore has an advanced wastewater management system that collects and treats wastewater through a deep tunnel sewerage system and water reclamation plants.
The treated wastewater (NEWater) is then used for non-potable purposes, such as industrial processes and air conditioning cooling towers, reducing the demand for fresh water.
B. Decentralized Systems, Reuse and Recycling: –
The city of Berlin, Germany, has implemented decentralized wastewater treatment systems in some neighborhoods, where wastewater is treated locally and reused for purposes like irrigation and toilet flushing.
This approach reduces the load on centralized treatment plants and promotes water conservation.